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Reading and Writing Files

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Scripts are often designed to write data to files such as logs or backups. The Standard Additions scripting addition contains a number of commands that make it possible to read and write files. Writing to a File. The handlers in Listing 16-1 and Listing 16-2 safely write data to disk, creating a new file if the targeted file doesn’t already. Aug 07, 2017  How Apple made the Photos app even more private in iOS 11. Charlie Sorrel/Cult of Mac. Instead of granting permission for an app to read and write to your Photos library, just so it can.

Scripts are often designed to write data to files such as logs or backups. The Standard Additions scripting addition contains a number of commands that make it possible to read and write files.

Writing to a File

The handlers in Listing 16-1 and Listing 16-2 safely write data to disk, creating a new file if the targeted file doesn’t already exist. Provide the text to write, a target file path, and indicate whether to overwrite existing content. If you choose not to overwrite existing content, then the text provided is appended to any existing content.

APPLESCRIPT

1. on writeTextToFile(theText, theFile, overwriteExistingContent)
2. try
3. -- Convert the file to a string
4. set theFile to theFile as string
5. -- Open the file for writing
6. set theOpenedFile to open for access file theFile with write permission
7. -- Clear the file if content should be overwritten
8. if overwriteExistingContent is true then set eof of theOpenedFile to 0
9. -- Write the new content to the file
10. write theText to theOpenedFile starting at eof
11. -- Close the file
12. close access theOpenedFile
13. -- Return a boolean indicating that writing was successful
14. return true
15. -- Handle a write error
16. on error
17. -- Close the file
18. try
19. close access file theFile
20. end try
21. -- Return a boolean indicating that writing failed
22. return false
23. end try
24. end writeTextToFile

JAVASCRIPT

1. var app = Application.currentApplication()
2. app.includeStandardAdditions = true
3. function writeTextToFile(text, file, overwriteExistingContent) {
4. try {
5. // Convert the file to a string
6. var fileString = file.toString()
7. // Open the file for writing
8. var openedFile = app.openForAccess(Path(fileString), { writePermission: true })
9. // Clear the file if content should be overwritten
10. if (overwriteExistingContent) {
11. app.setEof(openedFile, { to: 0 })
12. }
13. // Write the new content to the file
14. app.write(text, { to: openedFile, startingAt: app.getEof(openedFile) })
15. // Close the file
16. app.closeAccess(openedFile)
17. // Return a boolean indicating that writing was successful
18. return true
19. }
20. catch(error) {
21. try {
22. // Close the file
23. app.closeAccess(file)
24. }
25. catch(error) {
26. // Report the error is closing failed
27. console.log(`Couldn't close file: ${error}`)
28. }
29. // Return a boolean indicating that writing was successful
30. return false
31. }
32. }

Listing 16-3 and Listing 16-4 show how to call the handlers in Listing 16-1 and Listing 16-2 to write text content to a file on the Desktop, replacing any existing content in the file.

APPLESCRIPT

1. set this_story to 'Once upon a time in Silicon Valley...'
2. set theFile to (((path to desktop folder) as string) & 'MY STORY.txt')
3. writeTextToFile(this_story, theFile, true)

JAVASCRIPT

1. var story = 'Once upon a time in Silicon Valley...'
2. var desktopString = app.pathTo('desktop').toString()
3. var file = `${desktopString}/MY STORY.txt`
4. writeTextToFile(story, file, true)

Listing 16-5 and Listing 16-6 show how Listing 16-1 and Listing 16-2 could be called to insert dated log entries into a log file.

APPLESCRIPT

1. set theText to ((current date) as string) & space & 'STATUS OK' & return
2. set theFile to (((path to desktop folder) as string) & 'MY LOG FILE.log')
3. writeTextToFile(theText, theFile, false)

JAVASCRIPT

1. var dateString = Date().toString()
2. var desktopString = app.pathTo('desktop').toString()
3. var text = `${dateString} STATUS OKnn`
4. var file = `${desktopString}/MY LOG FILE.log`
5. writeTextToFile(text, file, false)

In practice, this technique could be used to maintain a log when script errors occur. Listing 16-7 and Listing 16-8 are try statements, which can be wrapped around custom script code in order to log any script errors to a file in the ~/Library/Logs/ folder of the current user’s home directory.

APPLESCRIPT

1. try
2. -- Your custom script code goes here
3. on error theErrorMessage number theErrorNumber
4. set theError to 'Error: ' & theErrorNumber & '. ' & theErrorMessage & return
5. set theLogFile to ((path to library folder from user domain) as string) & 'Logs:Script Error Log.log'
6. my writeTextToFile(theError, theLogFile, false)
7. end try

JAVASCRIPT

1. try {
2. // Your custom script code goes here
3. }
4. catch (error) {
5. var errorString = `Error: ${error.message}nn`
6. var logFile = app.pathTo('library folder', { from: 'user domain' }).toString() + '/Logs/Script Error Log.log'
7. writeTextToFile(errorString, logFile, false)
8. }

Reading a File

The handlers in Listing 16-9 and Listing 16-10 read the contents of a specified file.

APPLESCRIPT

1. on readFile(theFile)
2. -- Convert the file to a string
3. set theFile to theFile as string
4. -- Read the file and return its contents
5. return read file theFile
6. end readFile

JAVASCRIPT

1. var app = Application.currentApplication()
2. app.includeStandardAdditions = true
3. function readFile(file) {
4. // Convert the file to a string
5. var fileString = file.toString()
6. // Read the file and return its contents
7. return app.read(Path(fileString))
8. }

Listing 16-11 and Listing 16-12 show how to call the handlers in Listing 16-9 and Listing 16-10 to read a specified text file.

APPLESCRIPT

1. set theFile to choose file of type 'txt' with prompt 'Please select a text file to read:'
2. readFile(theFile)
3. --> Result: 'Contents of the chosen file.'

JAVASCRIPT

1. var file = app.chooseFile({
2. ofType: 'txt',
3. withPrompt: 'Please select a text file to read:'
4. })
5. readFile(file)
6. // Result: 'Contents of the chosen file.'

Reading and Splitting a File

The handlers in Listing 16-13 and Listing 16-14 read the contents of a specified text file, using a delimiter to split it into a list.

APPLESCRIPT

1. on readAndSplitFile(theFile, theDelimiter)
2. -- Convert the file to a string
3. set theFile to theFile as string
4. -- Read the file using a specific delimiter and return the results
5. return read file theFile using delimiter {theDelimiter}
6. end readAndSplitFile

JAVASCRIPT

1. var app = Application.currentApplication()
2. app.includeStandardAdditions = true
3. function readAndSplitFile(file, delimiter) {
4. // Convert the file to a string
5. var fileString = file.toString()
6. // Read the file using a specific delimiter and return the results
7. return app.read(Path(fileString), { usingDelimiter: delimiter })
8. }

Listing 16-15 and Listing 16-16 shows how to call the handlers in Listing 16-13 and Listing 16-14 to read the paragraphs of a chosen log file.

APPLESCRIPT

1. set theFile to choose file of type 'log' with prompt 'Please select a log file:'
2. readAndSplitFile(theFile, return)
3. --> Result: {'Log entry 1', 'Log entry 2', ... }

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JAVASCRIPT

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1. var file = app.chooseFile({
2. ofType: 'log',
3. withPrompt: 'Please select a log file:'
4. })
5. readAndSplitFile(file, 'n')
6. // Result: ['Log entry 1', 'Log entry 2', ...]

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